Sample of a MSDS Sheet    Section I. Chemical Product and Company Identification PRODUCT NAME/ TRADE NAME ANHYDROUS AMMONIA SYNONYM Anhydrous ammonia MSDS NUMBER: 14002 CHEMICAL NAME Ammonia REVISION NUMBER 2.0 CHEMICAL FAMILY Alkali MSDS DATE 02/16/2001. CHEMICAL FORMULA Nh3       MATERIAL USES Industrial applications: Manufacture of chemicals. Manufacture of synthetic fibers. Refrigerant. Cleaning solutions. Metals refining. Fertilizer manufacturing. DSL On the DSL list. MANUFACTURER Manufacture's name goes here. SUPPLIER ADDRESS GOES HERE Section II. Hazardous Ingredients Exposure Limits NAME CAS # Osha PEL   Osha PEL Calf IDLH STEL TWA   % by Weight Ammonia 7664-41-7 50 ppm 25 ppm 300 ppm   35 ppm 25 ppm varius TOXICOLOGICAL DATA ON INGREDIENTS Anhydrous Ammonia: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 3500 mg/kg (Rat.). GAS (LC50): Acute: 5040 ppm (Mouse.) (1 hour(s)). 7650 ppm (Rat) (1 hour(s)). Section III. Hazards Identification POTENTIAL ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS Anhydrous ammonia gas or liquid is very corrosive to body tissues, reacting with body moisture on contact. The odour threshold for ammonia is on average 17 PPM although the range of sensitivity ranges from 0.7 PPM to 50 PPM for acclimatized individuals. Generally, concentrations of up to 25 PPM are tolerated although unpleasant and pungent. Above this concentration, irritation of the eyes, nose and throat may begin. The extent of irritation increases with increasing ammonia concentration. Eye and throat irritation is more pronounced between 100 and 400 PPM. Above 400 PPM, skin irritation is noticeable and immediate throat irritation and coughing will result. NIOSH has established 500 PPM as the concentration immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), which is defined as the concentration above which self-rescue may be difficult or impossible due to physiological effects. At concentrations between 1000 and 2500 PPM increasing chest tightness, brochospasm and severe eye and skin irritation will result. Delayed effects such as chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema may develop several hours after exposure. At concentrations above 2500 PPM, laryngeal spasm may occur resulting in rapid asphyxia. Effects may be more pronounced at lower concentrations in children, the elderly, and persons with impaired lung function. Eyes: Eye irritant. May cause severe eye irritation with corneal injury and permanent vision impairment. Skin: Skin irritant. Contact may cause severe skin irritation, chemical burns, and blistering. Contact with vaporizing liquid may cause frostbite due to rapid evaporative cooling. Cooling effect may mask the extent of corrosive injury received. Inhalation: Irritating to entire respiratory tract. Excessive overexposure may cause severe irritation to the upper respiratory tract and potential lung damage. Ingestion: Ingestion is not likely route of exposure due to the physical state of the substance (a compressed, liquefied gas). POTENTIAL CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: NONE by ACGIH, EPA, IARC, OSHA. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: NONE by ACGIH, EPA, IARC, OSHA. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: NONE by ACGIH, EPA, IARC, OSHA. The substance is harmful to the lungs and mucous membranes. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organ damage. Section IV. First Aid Measures EYE CONTACT IMMEDIATELY FLUSH EYES WITH WATER for at least 15-30 minutes, keeping eyelids open. SEND FOR MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY. MINOR SKIN CONTACT Dermal contact may freeze tissue and cause severe skin irritation. FLUSH IMMEDIATELY WITH RUNNING WATER FOR AT LEAST 30 MINUTES. SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION. EXTENSIVE SKIN CONTACT No additional information. MINOR INHALATION Loosen tight clothing. Allow the victim to rest in a well ventilated area. Give artificial respiration if breathing has stopped. Get immediate medical attention. SEVERE INHALATION If gases or vapours are present, rescuers must WEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS and an impervious suit or full bunker gear. Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing around the victim’s neck and waist. If the victim is not breathing, perform artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. Maintain an open airway. Seek immediate medical attention. Observation may be warranted. Pulmonary edema may occur several hours after exposure. SLIGHT INGESTION   Product is a liquified compressed gas. If liquid anhydrous ammonia has entered the mouth and throat, roll victim onto stomach and begin artificial respiration. Continue until victim is breathing. Seek immediate medical attention. EXTENSIVE INGESTION No additional information Section V. Fire and Explosion Data THE PRODUCT IS Combustible. AUTO-IGNITION TEMPERATURE 651.1ºC (1204ºF) FLASH POINT Not applicable. Material exists as a gas unless confined under pressure. FLAMMABILITY LIMITS LOWER: 16% UPPER: 25% PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION Nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2…). FIRE HAZARD IN PRESENCE OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES Slightly flammable in the presence of open flames and sparks. Narrow lower to upper flammability limits (16-25%) makes ignition difficult. EXPLOSION HAZARD IN PRESENCE OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES Slightly explosive in presence of reducing materials (hypochlorites or other halogenated compounds). Non-explosive in presence of open flames and sparks, of shocks, of heat, of oxidizing materials, of combustible materials, of organic materials, of metals, of acids, of alkalis, of moisture. FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA AND INSTRUCTIONS Corrosive gas. Fire fighters should wear SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS and full bunker gear. Cool containing vessels with water jet in order to prevent pressure build-up, autoignition or explosion. Move containing vessels from fire if without risk. If anhydrous ammonia catches fire, stop flow of gas or liquid if it may be done safely. Use water spray or fog to extinguish flames and suppress vapors. Contain run-off water.   SPECIAL REMARKS ON FIRE HAZARDS When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes. Hazardous Combustion Products: Nitrogen oxides. SPECIAL REMARKS ON EXPLOSION HAZARDS Explosive when mixed with chlorinated materials such as hypochlorites. Forms nitrogen trichloride which explodes spontaneously in air. Reacts similarly with other halogenated materials. Section VI. Accidental Release Measures SMALL SPILL Warn personnel to move away. Keep unprotected personnel upwind of spill area. DO NOT APPROACH LIQUID OR VAPOR CLOUD WITHOUT ENCAPSULATING SUIT AND SCBA. If possible to do so without hazard, isolate leak by shutting off supply of ammonia from containing vessel. Use water fog to suppress airborne vapors from leak or spill. DO NOT DIRECT WATER INTO SPILED LIQUID! ANHYDROUS AMMONIA WILL AUTOREFRIGERATE REDUCING VAPOR RELEASE. ADDITION OF WATER WILL WARM CRYOGENIC LIQUID RESULTING IN GREATER GASIFICATION. Contain run-off water for later recovery and treatment. Call emergency number on this MSDS sheet for assistance. LARGE SPILL Corrosive gas. Material will autorefrigerate under accidental release presenting a cold dense heavier than air vapour cloud or fog. Warn personnel to move away. Keep unprotected personnel upwind of spill area. Evacuate any unprotected personnel who are downwind of spills. Consider an exclusion zone of 1500 metres around incident area. Incident Commander may adjust size of exclusion zone based on the circumstances of the emergency and analysis of the threat presented by the release. See Exposure Limits Section for Evacuation Guidelines. Community Emergency Response Instructions: Stay indoors (unless evacuation has been called) Close all windows and doors Shut off furnace, exhaust fans, and air conditioners Wait for and follow advice from local police or authorities If smell is very strong, breath through a wet cloth Eliminate all sources of ignition. DO NOT APPROACH LIQUID OR VAPOR CLOUD WITHOUT ENCAPSULATING SUIT AND SCBA. If possible, and personnel are protected by appropriate personal protective equipment, turn leaking container so that gas escapes rather than liquid, or isolate leak by shutting off supply of ammonia from containing vessel. If possible, apply patch or otherwise restrict size of leak. Use water fog to suppress airborne vapors from leak or spill. DO NOT DIRECT WATER INTO SPILLED LIQUID! ANHYDROUS AMMONIA WILL AUTOREFRIGERATE REDUCING VAPOR RELEASE. ADDITION OF WATER WILL WARM CRYOGENIC LIQUID RESULTING IN GREATER GASIFICATION. Contain run-off water for later recovery and treatment. Call Emergency Number on this MSDS sheet for assistance. Section VII. Handling and Storage PRECAUTIONS Keep ammonia handling facilities locked. Keep storage vessels away from direct heat. Ground all equipment. Keep away from incompatible materials such as oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metals, and acids. Keep children away from ammonia storage and handling equipment. STORAGE Keep away from combustible materials, heat and incompatible materials, especially dry or liquid bleach. Ensure facilities are well maintained and emergency response and first aid equipment is readily available. Always ensure there is s a nearby source of water for first aid purposes and spill response. Facilities storing or handling ammonia should be equipped with an eyewash and safety shower. Section VIII. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection ENGINEERING CONTROLS Workers must be trained in the safe handling and use of ammonia. Adequate, well engineered systems must be provided for storage, transfer and use. Process block valves, equipment enclosures and other isolation facilities may be necessary. Provide adequate general or local exhaust systems to maintain concentrations within exposure guidelines. PERSONAL PROTECTION The selection of personal protective equipment varies, depending upon conditions of use. Respiratory Protection: Use a NIOSH approved chemical cartridge respirator with full facepiece for ammonia concentrations up to 300 PPM. Use a positive pressure (pressure demand) SCBA for concentrations above 300 PPM, for emergency response, or for entry into unknown concentrations. Eye Protection: Contact lenses should not be worn when handling anhydrous ammonia. Use chemical goggles and a face shield or full facepiece air purifying or air supplied respirator. Skin Proection: Where chemical contact is unlikely, wear butyl rubber, nitrile, or polyvinyl chloride boots, gloves, rain jacket and pants. PERSONAL PROTECTION IN CASE OF LARGE RELEASE Under emergency conditions, where contact with liquid anhydrous ammonia or high concentration gas is probable, chemically resistant, gastight totally encapsulating suits with 60 minute positive pressure SCBA are required. EXPOSURE LIMITS TLV-TWA 25 ppm from ACGIH. Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits. AIHA Emergency Response Planning Guidelines: ERPG-1: <25 PPM for 1 hour. Objectionable odor. ERPG-2: 25-200 PPM for 1 hour. Strong objectionable odor, some eye, nose and throat irritation. ERPG-3: 200-1000 PPM for 1 hour. Severe eye and respiratory irritation, without development of life threatening health effects. National Academy of Sciences 1987 Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels: Up to 24 hour continuous exposure: 100 PPM Section IX. Physical and Chemical Properties PHYSICAL STATE AND APPEARANCE Colorless cryogenic liquid or gas. MOLECULAR WEIGHT 17.03 COLOR Colorless. pH (10%SOLN/WATER) 12 ODOR Ammoniacal. (Strong.) BOILING POINT -33.35ºC (-28ºF) ODOR THRESHOLD MELTING POINT -77.7ºC (-107.9ºF) TASTE Burning. (Strong.) CRITICAL TEMPERATURE Not applicable. IONICITY (in Water) Not available. SPECIFIC GRAVITY g/cc 0.63 (Water = 1) SOLUBILITY Easily soluble in cold water. Soluble in hot water. Partially soluble in methanol. Very slightly soluble in diethyl ether, n-octanol, acetone. BULK DENSITY kg/m3 DISPERSION PROPERTIES See solubility in water, methanol. VAPOR PRESSURE 6610mm of Hg (@ 20ºC) WATER/OIL DIST. COEFF. Between 50 and 5000. VAPOR DENSITY 0.6 (Air = 1) VOLATILITY 100% (w/w). Section X. Stability and Reactivity Data STABILITY The product is stable. INSTABILITY TEMPERATURE Not applicable. CONDITION OF INSTABILITY No additional remark. INCOMPATABILITY WITH VARIOUS SUBSTANCES Extremely reactive or incompatible with acids. Highly reactive with oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Do not use copper, brass, bronze, or galvanized steel in contact with ammonia. Do not use brazed joints in ammonia service. Forms explosive compounds with many heavy metals such as mercury or silver. Reacts explosively with chlorine, hypochlorites (such as bleach or dry chlorinating chemicals) and other halogens (bromine, iodine, fluorine). CORROSIVITY   Highly corrosive in presence of copper and its alloys. Slightly corrosive to corrosive in presence of aluminum and zinc. Very slightly corrosive in presence of mild steel. Non- corrosive in presence of glass, or stainless steel (304 or 316). SPECIAL REMARKS ON REACTIVITY Incompatible with halogens, aluminum, copper, brass and zinc. Incompatible with strong acids. SPECIAL REMARKS ON CORROSIVITY Corrosive to brass. Incompatible with copper alloys (stress cracking). Will corrode a wide variety of metals. Section XI. Toxicological Information ROUTES OF ENTRY Inhalation. Eye contact. Skin contact. TOXICITY TO ANIMALS Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 350 mg/kg (Rat). Acute toxicity of the gas (LC50): 2520 ppm (Mouse.). SPECIAL REMARKS ON TOXICITY TO ANIMALS Hazardous for humans or animal life. Corrosive to skin and eyes on contact. Severe over- exposure can produce lung damage, choking, unconsciousness or death. May cause severe eye irritation. OTHER EFFECTS ON HUMANS Slightly dangerous to very dangerous in case of skin contact, of eye contact, of inhalation. Material may be irritating or corrosive. SPECIAL REMARKS ON CHRONIC EFECTS ON HUMANS Exposure can cause coughing, chest pains, difficulty in breathing. Repeated significant overexposure can cause permanent lung function damage, edema and chemical pneumonitis. May cause serious damage to the eyes. SPECIAL REMARKS ON OTHER EFFECTS ON HUMANS No additional remark. Section XII. Ecological Information ECOTOXICITY Hazardous for humans or animal life. Ammonia is a toxic hazard to fish. In low concentrations in water and soil, ammonia acts as a fertilizer to promote plant growth. Under aerobic conditions ammonia will oxidize to nitrate and does not accumulate in the environment. Sub-lethal concentrations in water can have adverse physiological effects on marine species. Free ammonia concentrations of 2.5 mg per litre at pH 7.4 to 8.5 are considered harmful to marine life. In water, free NH3 is considered to be the primary toxic form while the much more prevalent NH4OH form is much less harmful. BOD and COD Not available. PRODUCTS OF BIODEGRADATION Nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2…), nitrates. TOXICITY OF THE PRODUCTS OF BIODEGRADATION The products of biodegradation are less toxic than the original product. SPECIAL REMARKS ON THE PRODUCTS OF BIODEGRADATION Product may degrade water quality and taste. Notify downstream water users. Will dissolve and disperse in water. Section XIII. Disposal Considerations WASTE DISPOSAL OR RECYCLING Call for assistance on treatment and disposal. Section XIV. Transport Information TDG CLASSIFICATION TDG CLASS 2.4: Corrosive gas. TDG CLASS 9.2: Environmentally hazardous material. PIN PIN: UN1005 PG: X SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR TRANSPORT Not acceptable for transport as a consumer commodity, or as a limited quantity. Not acceptable for transport in public passenger rail vehicles or by passenger ship. Transport by passenger aircraft must comply with ICAO Special Provision A1. Transportation of anhydrous ammonia into the United States from Canada is regulated by 49CFR Part 171.12a which states: (b): "…a hazardous material that is classed, marked, labelled, placarded, described on a shipping paper, and packaged in accordance with the Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) Regulations issued by the Government of Canada may be offered for transportation and transported to or through the United States by motor vehicle or rail car." (b)(5)(iii): Except for a package containing anhydrous ammonia, the package must be labelled and placarded with "POISON" or "POISON GAS", as appropriate,… For shipments of anhydrous ammonia, the shipping paper must contain an indication that the markings, labels, and placards have been applied in conformance with the TDG regulations and this paragraph (b)(5). TDG (Pictograms)   Section XV. Other Regulatory Information and Pictograms OTHER REGULATIONS OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT (CEPA): This product is on the Domestic Substances List (DSL) and is acceptable for use under the provisions of CEPA. OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS HCS (U.S.A) HCS CLASS: Toxic. DSCL (EEC) 37 — Irritating to respiratory system. 42 — May cause sensitization by inhalation. 20/22 — Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.) Not rated by NFPA.   DOT (U.S.A.) (Pictograms) DSCL (Europe) (Pictograms) ADR (Europe) (Pictograms) Section XVI. Other Information REFERENCES -29 CFR Part 1910, Rev. July 1, 1993. -40 CFR Parts 300-399 Rev, July 1, 1993. -49 CFR Parts 1-199. Rev October 1, 1993. -Domestic Substances List, Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Environment Canada. -Canada Gazette Part II, Vol. 122, No. 2 Registration SOR/88-64 31 December, 1987 Hazardous Products Act "Ingredient Disclosure List". -American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances, 1994-1995. -Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety CCInfo Disk. -Corrosion Data Survey. Sixth Edition, 1985, National Association of Corrosion Engineers -Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, (NFPA49, 325M, 491M, and 704), National Fire Protection Association, 10th Ed, 1991 -The Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (1992) and Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, Transport Canada. -TOMES Plus®, Vol 21, Micromedex Inc. -AIHA Emergency Response Planning Guidelines -Environment Canada, Environmental Protection Service, Ammonia: Environmental and Technical Information for Problem Spills, July 1984, Beauregarde Press Limited, Ottawa OTHER SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). TSCA (Toxic Substance Control ct): This product is listed on the TSCA Inventory. CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT (CEPA): This product is on the Domestic Substances List (DSL) and acceptable for use under the provisions of CEPA. CERCLA: If the reportable quantity of this product is accidentally spilled, the incident is subject to the provisions of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and must be reported to the National Response Centre by calling (800) 424-8802. The reportable spill quanity of this product is 100 lbs. SARA HAZARD CATEGORY: This product ha been revised according to the EPA "Hazard Categories" promulgated under Sections 311 and 312 of the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA Title III) and is considered, under applicable definitions, to meet the following category(ies): Immediate Health, Delayed Health, Fire, Sudden Release of Pressure, Reactive This product also contains the following Section 313 reportable ingredient: Ammonia CAS # 7664-41-7 Maximum % 100.0 Validated by Environment, Health and Safety Department on 2/16/2001.   Printed 03/29/2001. Check for updated MSDS Sheet from your supplier