Industrial

Training

 


For More Information Please Visit GCAP's Dedicated CO2 / Carbon Dioxide / R744 Refrigeration training website:  

www.CO2Training.com

CO2 "Carbon Dioxide "

CO2 Technician

NH3/CO2 Cascade Systems

GCAP’s CO2 Technician
Refrigeration Competencies
 

Prerequisite: Ammonia Operator I course and/or 2 years experienced industrial refrigeration background.

All of this material is covered or introduced to the
student at our seminar with running CO2/Cascade equipment in the lab.  

CO2 Safety

  • MSDS
  • CO2 Latent Heat of fusion  Video

Module 1 Thermodynamic Topics

  • The role of the throttling valve on transcritical cycle
  • Methods for improving the energy efficiency of carbon dioxide transcritical Cycles

Module 2 Industrial Systems

  • General system design – limits and possibilities
    • Pressure
    • System types
    • Compressor size and efficiency
    • Pressure loss and size of piping
    • Evaporators
    • Defrosting
    • Cascade coolers
    • Determination of the cascade temperature
    • Standstill cooling
    • Power drop-out and emergency stop
    • Pumps
    • Alternative to centrifugal pumps
    • The thermal pump system
    • Energy Consumption of thermal pumping systems
    • Pollution with R717
    • Pollution with water
    • Increased suction pressure during pull down or batch processes
  • Industrial CO2 Refrigeration system
    • CO2/R717 cascade system
    • High Temperature stage: the R717 system
    • Low Temperature stage: the CO2 system
    • CO2 Compressor
    • Control
    • Cascade  cooler
    • Expansion valve, high pressure control and high pressure receiver
    • Pump Separator
    • Suction Line
    • Hot gas defrost mode, gas generator and hot gas bypass
    • Valves
    • Leaks
    • Moisture
    • Operation at off-design conditions
    • Liquid drain at hot gas defrost
  • Ice-cream freezer
  • Plate Freezer
  • Transcritical plant design: Applied from supermarket refrigeration
    • Type of system
    • High pressure compressor
    • Gas cooler
    • High temperature heat exchanger
    • High temperature expansion valve
    • Separator/Receiver
    • Gas bypass valve
    • Evaporators and expansion valves
    • Low temperature heat exchangers
    • Low pressure compressor
    • Oil return system
    • Silencing
  • Large Transcritical Systems

Module 3: Commercial Refrigeration

  • Introduction
  • CO2 system solutions in supermarket refrigeration
  • Computer modeling simulations
  • Laboratory experimental evaluations
  • Field Measurements
  • Safety issues related to CO2 in supermarket refrigeration

Module 4: CO2/R744 Mobile Air-Conditioning

Module 5: CO2 Heat Pumps

  • Introduction
  • Thermodynamic Efficiency
  • Energy Efficiency for the CO2 Heat Pump
  • Heat Pump Water Heaters
  • Integrated Systems
  • Space Heating and Cooling
  • Heat Pump Dryers

Module 6: Safety and Leakages Control

  • The importance of Guidelines
  • Application of protection devices
  • Leakage control detector

Module 7: Drivers for Implementation of CO2 Technology

Module 8: Components

  • Compressors
    • Compressor Available on the market
    • Reciprocating compressors
    • Rotary compressors
    • Automotive compressors
    • Lubricants for CO2 Compressors
  • Heat Exchangers
    • Finned tube heat exchangers
    • Basic heat transfer characteristic air side
    • Fundamentals on combined heat and mass transfer in wet surface air coolers
    • Finned tube heat exchangers using round tubes
    • Enhancement techniques
    • Finned tube heat exchanger using flat tubes with internal Minichannels
    • Plate Heat exchangers
    • Tube-in-tube heat exchangers
    • Special heat exchangers
    • Shell and plate heat exchangers
    • Heat exchangers for tap water
  • Prediction of pressure drop and heat transfer of carbon dioxide inside channels
    • Carbon dioxide thermo physical properties
    • In tube heat exchanger
    • Carbon dioxide pressure drop during flow
  • Heat Exchanger design

Contact us for more info

Garden City Ammonia Program
2405 E. Fulton Plaza
Garden City , KS 67846
620-271-0037
620-271-0484 FAX
ammonia@pld.com
www.AmmoniaTraining.com
www.BoilerLicense.com
www.GcapCoolCast.com

The New Ton 3000 Ammonia/CO2 Cascade system is up and running.  First class was August 23, 2012.  GCAP is also involved with the 15,000 square foot expansion.  

Charging the CO2 System

Test Firing the New Ton 3000 Ammonia/Cascade System

   

CO2 Freezer

CO2 Cascade Evaporative Coole

    

GCAP is working with Mayekawa "MYCOM" and getting a Cascade system brought the US with hands on training.  Ammonia will be on the high temp side with CO2 as a brine on the the low temp side. This concept has been used in Japan, China, Europe, and many other countries successfully the last 10 years.  It will reduce the primary charge (ammonia) and keep it in one central location. It also has many other benefits. 

Click the Mayekawa/Mycom link below for a news story

Randy Williams,  Jeremy Williams, and Jacob Williams traveled to Japan in September 2010, to tour the factory where they are being built and see some of them in application.  A few cold storage warehouses, production facilities and even grocery store application.  

Garden City Ammonia Program (GCAP) located in Kansas U.S., a private industrial ammonia technical school, decides to introduce NH3/CO2 cooling system NewTon3000.

GCAP is the only private industrial ammonia technical school providing lectures on refrigerating theory and hands on training for operating refrigeration systems. It has supplied training to operators from 412 companies from over 16 countries and produces experts in refrigeration systems every year. Since CO2 emission reduction and prevention of global warming are their missions, they actively provide education for operators who handle refrigeration systems using natural refrigerants.

In recent years, regulations for ammonia charge have been tightening

For more information please contact us and keep your eye for future dates in 2011.  

   
Environmental issues and trends in refrigerants
Ozone layer destruction issues
Global warming issues
In terms of the kinds of refrigerants used in the refrigeration cycle, restrictions were introduced in 1996 to terminate the use of all CFCs (such as R12) with serious ozone layer destructive properties. The use of HCFCs (such as R22) and their ozone layer destructive properties are to also be gradually phased out by 2020.
Furthermore, since even HFCs (such as R134a, R407C, R410A and R404A), which do not contain chlorine and which were developed and introduced into practical applications as alternative refrigerants, have high global warming potential, it was decided at the Kyoto Protocol COP3 meetings (3rd Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), held in 1997, to designate them as substances whose release to the atmosphere was to be controlled. Against this background, in Europe where environmental awareness is strong, efforts have been made to review substances that are not compounds, such as chlorofluorocarbons, but which exist in the natural world for use as refrigerants and, in the years after COP3, natural refrigerants have come to be spotlighted not only in Europe but in Japan and the United States as well.
CO2 refrigerant
"Natural refrigerants" are substances found in the natural world, and their most salient feature as refrigerants is that they have a much smaller impact on the global environment compared to artificially synthesized fluorocarbon substances.
Some of the natural refrigerants currently garnering attention include hydrocarbons, ammonia, CO2, water and air. However, since hydrocarbons and ammonia pose problems in terms of their combustibility and toxicity, thereby limiting their applicability, it is believed that the greatest attention will be paid to CO2 refrigerants in the future.


Although the global warming potential of CO2 is not zero, the impact resulting from the disposal of equipment using CO2 and the release of CO2 used as a refrigerant would be equivalent to only 0.0013% of the amount of CO2 generated by Japan, if the refrigerant in all the country's air conditioners were replaced with CO2.